An introduction to constellations, galaxies, nebulae, and the structure and space-time behavior of the universe. Nighttime observations are compared with theoretical models of apparent and heliocentric planetary and stellar motion. Applied topics may include the use of instruments to determine time, telescopes used to detect radiations (cosmic rays to radio waves) from stars, nebulae, and galaxies, and information about these objects obtainable from continuous and line spectra. A Scriptural perspective, including allusions in religious tradition, is compared with a naturalistic perspective. Three hours lecture each week, with integrated lab-type activities and observations outside of the classroom.