This course maintains a strong emphasis on listening and speaking skills. Through reading of more extensive texts and informal writing as a support for speaking, it develops oral fluency toward more effective narrative. Laboratory work is required. Students may receive credit by passing a "Challenge Examination" with a grade of B or better. For information on this examination, students should refer to Southern's Catalog and/or Modern Languages faculty for details. Those students who have any background in German must seek departmental permission to enroll in any German course other than GRMN 101.